What is Fatty Liver Disease?

Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, occurs when too much fat builds up in the liver most commonly from dietary sugar excess, and it’s way too common these days. Today, fatty liver disease affects around 24% of people in the United States according to Mayo Clinic. But what exactly is fatty liver disease, and how does it impact your health? In this post I’ll be sharing about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, and explaining how lifestyle changes can reverse fatty liver disease.

Understanding Liver Disease: What Is Fatty Liver Disease?

The liver plays an important role in processing nutrients and filtering toxins from the body. Fatty liver disease happens when there is an excessive accumulation of fat in liver cells. This condition is generally classified into two types:

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): This form develops in people who drink little to no alcohol. It’s closely associated with metabolic conditions like obesity, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol.

• Alcoholic fatty liver disease: This type results from heavy alcohol consumption and can progress to more severe liver damage over time.

In its early stages, fatty liver disease may not cause noticeable symptoms, but over time, it can lead to inflammation and liver damage, known as steatohepatitis, and even progress to cirrhosis or liver failure if left untreated.

Tests Used to Assess Liver Function: ALT, AST, and More

Diagnosing fatty liver disease typically involves blood tests to evaluate liver function. The two main enzymes measured are:

• ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase): Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver inflammation or damage.

• AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): Like ALT, higher-than-normal AST levels can signal liver injury.

Other diagnostic tools may include imaging tests such as ultrasounds or MRIs to assess fat accumulation in the liver. In more advanced cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to determine the extent of liver damage.

So, What Causes Fatty Liver Disease?

1. Poor Diet and Excess Sugar Intake

A diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats is a major contributor to fatty liver disease. Excessive consumption of fructose, often found in sugary beverages and snacks, has been linked to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The liver converts excess sugars into fat, leading to fat buildup over time.

2. Excess Weight and Obesity

Being overweight or obese significantly increases the risk of developing fatty liver disease. Obesity promotes insulin resistance, which reduces the liver’s ability to process fats efficiently, causing fat to accumulate in the liver cells.

3. Toxins

Environmental toxins, such as pollutants and chemicals, can also harm the liver. Additionally, lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol use, and certain medications may contribute to liver dysfunction.

4. Genetic Predisposition

Is fatty liver disease hereditary? While lifestyle factors play a big role, some people may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible to developing the condition. If fatty liver disease runs in your family, it’s important to take extra precautions with your diet and lifestyle to protect your liver.

What Does Liver Disease Do to Your Body?

Fatty liver disease doesn’t just affect the liver—it can lead to complications throughout the body if left untreated. These include:

• Inflammation: Over time, fat accumulation can cause liver inflammation (steatohepatitis), which can eventually lead to scarring and liver damage.

• Cirrhosis: Prolonged liver inflammation can cause scarring (fibrosis), leading to cirrhosis, a severe and potentially fatal form of liver disease.

• Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Fatty liver disease is often associated with other metabolic conditions like high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.

• Fatigue and Weakness: As liver function declines, you may experience fatigue, weakness, and even cognitive issues such as brain fog.

Treatment Protocols: How to Treat Fatty Liver Disease

1. Lifestyle Changes

One of the most effective ways to treat fatty liver disease is through lifestyle modifications. By adopting a healthy low sugar diet, regular exercise, and weight loss, you can significantly reduce fat in the liver. For those wondering how to treat fatty liver disease naturally, reducing sugar and refined carbohydrates, incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and getting regular physical activity can make a huge difference.

2. Medication

While there is no specific medication for fatty liver disease, doctors may prescribe drugs to manage related conditions like high cholesterol or type 2 diabetes. In some cases, medications to reduce liver inflammation may also be recommended. I often prescribe medications that aid with weight loss, like semaglutide or tirzepatide as a tool for helping my patients lose weight and treat fatty liver disease naturally.

3. Treating Underlying Conditions

If fatty liver disease is related to other health issues like obesity, diabetes, or high cholesterol, treating these underlying conditions is crucial to preventing further liver damage.

4. Supplement Support

Certain supplements, such as vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids, have shown promise in supporting liver health and reducing fat accumulation. I help my patients identify which mix of supplements can help them address and treat conditions like fatty liver disease.

Can Fatty Liver Disease Be Reversed?

The good news is that fatty liver disease can be reversed, especially in its early stages. By making consistent lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly, you can reduce liver fat and inflammation. Studies suggest that losing just 5-10% of body weight can improve liver health significantly.

But how long can you live with fatty liver disease? With the right interventions, many individuals with fatty liver disease go on to live full and healthy lives. Early detection and management are key to preventing severe complications.

Complications of Untreated Fatty Liver Disease

If left untreated, fatty liver disease can lead to:

• Liver Cirrhosis: Advanced liver scarring that may result in liver failure.

• Liver Cancer: Chronic liver inflammation increases the risk of liver cancer.

• Cardiovascular Issues: Fatty liver is linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

While the question "is fatty liver disease fatal?" depends on the progression, early diagnosis and treatment can prevent it from reaching life-threatening stages.

Final Thoughts: Advocate for Your Liver Health

Fatty liver disease is a silent but serious condition, and it's essential to take preventive measures to protect your liver. If you're experiencing early signs of fatty liver disease—such as fatigue, unexplained weight gain, abdominal discomfort or even just having trouble with metabolism or elevated liver enzymes—reach out to me to schedule a consultation!

We can conduct initial tests and help you create a liver-friendly lifestyle plan and prescribe medications and supplements that will help you manage and reduce risks.

Remember, with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, fatty liver disease is both preventable and reversible. If you’re wondering how to get rid of fatty liver disease, start by focusing on small, sustainable changes in your daily habits. Your liver—and your overall health—will thank you!